The tables behind Multi-currency Accounting

Legal entities consolidated under a reporting parent, plus the group consolidation unit that holds translation and elimination entries. Each legal entity owns its own trial balance, its functional currency and the accounts to which its exchange differences post.

ISO currency codes used anywhere in the platform, with the precision each one rounds to.

The account master. Self-parenting tree for summary roll-ups; flags decide whether an account is revalued at period end and which rate type translates it at consolidation.

Fiscal periods per entity with open and close state, the date whose closing rates the period uses, and the reopen record when a hard close is broken.

GL journal entries: manual, subledger-posted, recurring, reversing, revaluation, elimination. The header carries the transaction currency and the rate; totals are in the entity’s functional currency.

Debits and credits in functional currency, with the transaction-currency amount and the line rate kept beside them.

Immutable decision evidence tied to the exact source revision. Both the actual actor and the represented approver remain visible. Monetary limits are compared only after explicit conversion to the approver’s limit currency.

Dated, entity-scoped substitution for an absent approver. It does not grant the delegate new permissions, bypass conflicts, or increase either person’s monetary authority.

A missing or unusable conversion blocks the affected business event until an approved rate is available; it never silently falls back to 1 or a stale rate.

Reviewed deviation from an applicable rate. The effective record and original source remain immutable; every affected posting references the approved override.

Departments, business units, projects or locations used for allocation and management reporting.

Cost-center allocations of shared services run at period end.

Frozen source-to-target allocation workings. All drivers and percentages reconcile to the run and the final line receives the documented rounding residual.

Depreciable assets on the register, held in the entity’s functional currency.

Reviewed capitalisation, impairment, transfer and disposal evidence. Cost and accumulated balances move together; posted source bills are linked rather than capitalised twice.

Asset categories with default depreciation method and GL accounts.

Named depreciation methods used by assets.

Monthly depreciation batches per entity per period.

Asset-level depreciation calculations frozen with the run, including method inputs and any units-of-production evidence. Posted lines and reversals reconcile the asset register to the ledger.

Named budget revisions: Original, Revised Q2, Forecast Q3. The version carries the status; every Budget under it follows.

Budget header per entity per version per fiscal year, in the entity’s currency. Its status follows the version; a budget is not locked on its own.

Account × cost center × period amounts.

ISO currency codes used anywhere in the platform, with the precision each one rounds to.

Dated rates by type. Spot converts documents on the day, Closing revalues and translates the balance sheet, Average translates the income statement only when the average reasonably approximates the transaction-date rates; otherwise transaction-date translation is retained. Budget translates plans. Equity translates at the per-entity historical rates held in historical rates.

The rate at which an equity or investment balance was originally translated, held per entity per account, so share capital, reserves and investment in subsidiary carry the rate of the date they arose.

A missing or unusable conversion blocks the affected business event until an approved rate is available; it never silently falls back to 1 or a stale rate.

Reviewed deviation from an applicable rate. The effective record and original source remain immutable; every affected posting references the approved override.

Dated, entity-scoped substitution for an absent approver. It does not grant the delegate new permissions, bypass conflicts, or increase either person’s monetary authority.

Immutable decision evidence tied to the exact source revision. Both the actual actor and the represented approver remain visible. Monetary limits are compared only after explicit conversion to the approver’s limit currency.

Legal entities consolidated under a reporting parent, plus the group consolidation unit that holds translation and elimination entries. Each legal entity owns its own trial balance, its functional currency and the accounts to which its exchange differences post.

Bank accounts per entity and currency, each mapped to its GL account. Functional balance is the posted ledger carrying value, including unreversed revaluation; a live-rate exposure value is separate.

Finance users: Controller, GL accountants, Treasury Analyst, AP and AR clerks, FP&A, tax and auditors.

Month-end revaluation of open foreign-currency balances for one entity and one period at the closing rate. Posts unrealised gain or loss and either reverses on day one of the next period or posts the delta next period, by the entity’s method.

Account/currency totals of item-level workings in revaluation items, separated by debit or credit balance side. Booked values mean current carrying values before this run, including earlier unreversed adjustments.

Open-item or bank-balance workings underneath account totals. Each posted adjustment remains allocated to its source until reversed or that portion is settled. Debit/Credit identifies balance direction; amounts are nonnegative magnitudes.

Allocation of an existing item adjustment to the portion derecognised. These rows explain carrying-value clearing and do not create another FX posting. Reversing the settlement restores the same allocated adjustment once.

Dated rates by type. Spot converts documents on the day, Closing revalues and translates the balance sheet, Average translates the income statement only when the average reasonably approximates the transaction-date rates; otherwise transaction-date translation is retained. Budget translates plans. Equity translates at the per-entity historical rates held in historical rates.

A missing or unusable conversion blocks the affected business event until an approved rate is available; it never silently falls back to 1 or a stale rate.

Reviewed deviation from an applicable rate. The effective record and original source remain immutable; every affected posting references the approved override.

The account master. Self-parenting tree for summary roll-ups; flags decide whether an account is revalued at period end and which rate type translates it at consolidation.

Fiscal periods per entity with open and close state, the date whose closing rates the period uses, and the reopen record when a hard close is broken.

GL journal entries: manual, subledger-posted, recurring, reversing, revaluation, elimination. The header carries the transaction currency and the rate; totals are in the entity’s functional currency.

Customers and vendors. Type distinguishes them; Both is allowed when a counterparty sits on both sides. The default currency is the one their documents are raised in; bank accounts for payment sit on contact bank accounts, one per currency.

Customer invoices and credit memos raised in the customer’s currency and booked in the entity’s functional currency at the document-date rate. A credit memo is an Invoices record of document type credit memo with its own rate, pointing at the invoice it credits.

AR line items with revenue account, cost center and tax in transaction and functional currency.

Customer receipts in the currency they arrived in, applied to open invoices line by line through payment applications. Realised gain or loss rolls up from the applications.

One posted receipt allocation per invoice. Applied amount includes cash and evidenced withholding in invoice currency; receipt amount is only the cash consumed in receipt currency. The journal clears each side’s current carrying value, so a prior FX adjustment is never posted again.

Allocation of an approved customer credit memo or vendor credit to a debit document of the same entity, counterparty and currency. Current carrying amounts clear each side; cross-currency credits require a separately reviewed settlement rather than mixed-currency subtraction.

Open-item or bank-balance workings underneath account totals. Each posted adjustment remains allocated to its source until reversed or that portion is settled. Debit/Credit identifies balance direction; amounts are nonnegative magnitudes.

Allocation of an existing item adjustment to the portion derecognised. These rows explain carrying-value clearing and do not create another FX posting. Reversing the settlement restores the same allocated adjustment once.

Immutable decision evidence tied to the exact source revision. Both the actual actor and the represented approver remain visible. Monetary limits are compared only after explicit conversion to the approver’s limit currency.

Bank accounts per entity and currency, each mapped to its GL account. Functional balance is the posted ledger carrying value, including unreversed revaluation; a live-rate exposure value is separate.

Named tax rates applicable to a jurisdiction and a direction.

GL journal entries: manual, subledger-posted, recurring, reversing, revaluation, elimination. The header carries the transaction currency and the rate; totals are in the entity’s functional currency.

Customers and vendors. Type distinguishes them; Both is allowed when a counterparty sits on both sides. The default currency is the one their documents are raised in; bank accounts for payment sit on contact bank accounts, one per currency.

Bank accounts a vendor is paid into or a customer refunded to, one per currency, verified before a pay run can use them. Visible only to AP Clerk, Treasury Analyst and Admin.

Vendor bills and vendor credits in the vendor’s currency, checked against the order and receipt references, approved by limit and booked in functional currency at the bill-date rate.

AP line items with expense or asset account, cost center and tax in transaction and functional currency.

Vendor payment batch for one entity, bank account and matching payment currency. A different authorised AP Clerk releases within their converted limit; Controller releases above that limit. A rejected attempt stays as evidence and is retried through new payment records.

Vendor payments, single or batched into a pay run, drawn on the bank account in the payment currency and sent to the vendor’s account in that currency. Realised gain or loss rolls up from the applications.

One allocation of a payment to a bill, with bill-currency settlement and payment-currency cash shown separately. Withholding settles the bill but is owed to the tax authority rather than paid to the vendor.

Open-item or bank-balance workings underneath account totals. Each posted adjustment remains allocated to its source until reversed or that portion is settled. Debit/Credit identifies balance direction; amounts are nonnegative magnitudes.

Allocation of an existing item adjustment to the portion derecognised. These rows explain carrying-value clearing and do not create another FX posting. Reversing the settlement restores the same allocated adjustment once.

Immutable decision evidence tied to the exact source revision. Both the actual actor and the represented approver remain visible. Monetary limits are compared only after explicit conversion to the approver’s limit currency.

Dated, entity-scoped substitution for an absent approver. It does not grant the delegate new permissions, bypass conflicts, or increase either person’s monetary authority.

Bank accounts per entity and currency, each mapped to its GL account. Functional balance is the posted ledger carrying value, including unreversed revaluation; a live-rate exposure value is separate.

Depreciable assets on the register, held in the entity’s functional currency.

Named tax rates applicable to a jurisdiction and a direction.

GL journal entries: manual, subledger-posted, recurring, reversing, revaluation, elimination. The header carries the transaction currency and the rate; totals are in the entity’s functional currency.

Bank accounts per entity and currency, each mapped to its GL account. Functional balance is the posted ledger carrying value, including unreversed revaluation; a live-rate exposure value is separate.

Imported statements per bank account, in the account’s currency, with their lines.

One line per statement movement, matched to the receipt, payment, transfer or journal that explains it, or left for a person.

The reconciliation of a statement to GL activity on the bank account, in the account’s currency: the bank side adjusted for timing items, the book side adjusted for what the bank knew first.

Movements between two bank accounts of one entity, in the same or different currencies, at the rate the bank applied. Both legs post against a clearing account and the difference between their functional values is a realised difference on the transfer.

Customer receipts in the currency they arrived in, applied to open invoices line by line through payment applications. Realised gain or loss rolls up from the applications.

Vendor payments, single or batched into a pay run, drawn on the bank account in the payment currency and sent to the vendor’s account in that currency. Realised gain or loss rolls up from the applications.

One posted receipt allocation per invoice. Applied amount includes cash and evidenced withholding in invoice currency; receipt amount is only the cash consumed in receipt currency. The journal clears each side’s current carrying value, so a prior FX adjustment is never posted again.

One allocation of a payment to a bill, with bill-currency settlement and payment-currency cash shown separately. Withholding settles the bill but is owed to the tax authority rather than paid to the vendor.

Open-item or bank-balance workings underneath account totals. Each posted adjustment remains allocated to its source until reversed or that portion is settled. Debit/Credit identifies balance direction; amounts are nonnegative magnitudes.

Allocation of an existing item adjustment to the portion derecognised. These rows explain carrying-value clearing and do not create another FX posting. Reversing the settlement restores the same allocated adjustment once.

GL journal entries: manual, subledger-posted, recurring, reversing, revaluation, elimination. The header carries the transaction currency and the rate; totals are in the entity’s functional currency.

ISO currency codes used anywhere in the platform, with the precision each one rounds to.

Transactions between two entities in the group, raised once. The from side posts on submission; the to side posts when the counterparty confirms. The two sides agree in transaction currency by construction and are compared in reporting currency at the closing rate.

Period-end agreement of the open balance between two entities in one currency: what A says B owes it against what B says it owes A. The Intercompany Reconciliation report is built from these.

Multi-entity consolidation for a reporting period into the group unit: translation at the chosen rate types, elimination, non-controlling interest and lock. A run made on soft-closed entities is superseded by a re-run if an entity adjusts before hard close.

Entity-period coverage included in a group run. Local fiscal periods are mapped to the group date range explicitly; income movements may span several local periods, while closing balances are selected once per entity.

The translated trial balance: one line per entity per account with the functional balance, the rate type and rate applied and the reporting balance, so the translation adjustment can be walked account by account and retained earnings rolled forward as accumulated translated profit.

Intercompany elimination and consolidation adjustment entries attached to a consolidation run, in reporting currency, posted in the group unit.

Legal entities consolidated under a reporting parent, plus the group consolidation unit that holds translation and elimination entries. Each legal entity owns its own trial balance, its functional currency and the accounts to which its exchange differences post.

Fiscal periods per entity with open and close state, the date whose closing rates the period uses, and the reopen record when a hard close is broken.

Dated rates by type. Spot converts documents on the day, Closing revalues and translates the balance sheet, Average translates the income statement only when the average reasonably approximates the transaction-date rates; otherwise transaction-date translation is retained. Budget translates plans. Equity translates at the per-entity historical rates held in historical rates.

The rate at which an equity or investment balance was originally translated, held per entity per account, so share capital, reserves and investment in subsidiary carry the rate of the date they arose.

GL journal entries: manual, subledger-posted, recurring, reversing, revaluation, elimination. The header carries the transaction currency and the rate; totals are in the entity’s functional currency.

Month-end revaluation of open foreign-currency balances for one entity and one period at the closing rate. Posts unrealised gain or loss and either reverses on day one of the next period or posts the delta next period, by the entity’s method.

Open-item or bank-balance workings underneath account totals. Each posted adjustment remains allocated to its source until reversed or that portion is settled. Debit/Credit identifies balance direction; amounts are nonnegative magnitudes.

Allocation of an existing item adjustment to the portion derecognised. These rows explain carrying-value clearing and do not create another FX posting. Reversing the settlement restores the same allocated adjustment once.

Immutable decision evidence tied to the exact source revision. Both the actual actor and the represented approver remain visible. Monetary limits are compared only after explicit conversion to the approver’s limit currency.

The close checklist template per entity. Opening a period generates one close task per active template line, with the owner resolved from the role and the due date from the period end.

Period-close checklist items with owners and dependencies, generated from close task templates when a period opens.

Fiscal periods per entity with open and close state, the date whose closing rates the period uses, and the reopen record when a hard close is broken.

Dated, entity-scoped substitution for an absent approver. It does not grant the delegate new permissions, bypass conflicts, or increase either person’s monetary authority.

Immutable decision evidence tied to the exact source revision. Both the actual actor and the represented approver remain visible. Monetary limits are compared only after explicit conversion to the approver’s limit currency.

Monthly depreciation batches per entity per period.

Asset-level depreciation calculations frozen with the run, including method inputs and any units-of-production evidence. Posted lines and reversals reconcile the asset register to the ledger.

Reviewed capitalisation, impairment, transfer and disposal evidence. Cost and accumulated balances move together; posted source bills are linked rather than capitalised twice.

Cost-center allocations of shared services run at period end.

Frozen source-to-target allocation workings. All drivers and percentages reconcile to the run and the final line receives the documented rounding residual.

Tax reporting for an entity and reporting period, with separately eligible posting and payment periods. Filing reclassifies amounts already accrued to settlement accounts and posts only approved differences; it never duplicates the tax liability already recognised on source documents.

Named tax rates applicable to a jurisdiction and a direction.

Tax authorities that levy tax and receive filings, with the currency the return is filed in and the rate source the authority prescribes for foreign-currency documents.

Month-end revaluation of open foreign-currency balances for one entity and one period at the closing rate. Posts unrealised gain or loss and either reverses on day one of the next period or posts the delta next period, by the entity’s method.

The reconciliation of a statement to GL activity on the bank account, in the account’s currency: the bank side adjusted for timing items, the book side adjusted for what the bank knew first.

Entity-period coverage included in a group run. Local fiscal periods are mapped to the group date range explicitly; income movements may span several local periods, while closing balances are selected once per entity.

GL journal entries: manual, subledger-posted, recurring, reversing, revaluation, elimination. The header carries the transaction currency and the rate; totals are in the entity’s functional currency.